胸中只擺脫一戀字,便十分爽凈,十分自在。 人生最苦處,只是此心沾泥帶水。 明是知得,不能斷割耳。


        只要將心中的戀字擺脫,就會感到十分清爽,十分自在。 人生最痛苦的,是辦事拖泥帶水,心中割舍不下。 明明白白知道該怎么辦,卻不能快刀斬亂麻。

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人于吃飯穿衣,不曾說我當然不得不然; 至于五常百行,卻說是當然不得不然,又竟不能然。


        人對于吃飯穿衣,沒有說過我當然不得不這樣; 對于五常(指君臣、父子、夫婦、兄弟、朋友五種人倫關系)百行(指各種善行),卻說是當然不得不這樣,而又竟然不能這樣。

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  Christmas Day, the 25th of December, is the biggest festival celebrated in the Christian countries of the world. Christians regard this day as the birthday of Jesus Christ, but many of the customs and celebrations are not of a religious nature.
        In the large shops preparations for Christmas start five or six weeks before the actual day. Shop owners like Christmas because it is a time when people exchange presents. In large towns decorations are put up in the main streets two or three weeks before Christmas.
        Preparations are also made at home. Special puddings and cakes are eaten on Christmas Day and these have to be made three or four weeks in advance. Two or three days before Christmas, people decorate their houses with paper decorations and leaves and branches. People also like to have a Christmas tree in the living room. This is a very small fir tree, which is decorated with sliver paper and colored lights.
      Although everyone enjoys Christmas Day, it is particularly enjoyed by children, because they know that Christmas Father will bring them gifts from the chimney at night.
        Every family has its own traditions at Christmas. Some exchange presents on Christmas morning. Others put all the presents around the Christmas tree and wait till evening before giving them out. But all families have a huge Christmas dinner - usually at midday. If they can afford it they have a turkey and ham followed by Christmas puddings.

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學者事事要自責,慎無責人。 人不可我意,自是我無量; 我不可人意,自是我無能。 時時自反,才德無不進之理。


        做學問的人,對每件事情要進行自我責備,小心謹慎而最好不要責備他人。 他人不合我的意思,自然是我沒肚量; 我不能合他人的意思,自然是我沒有能力。 如果時刻進行這樣的自我反省,那么自己的才能就會有所進步,道德水平就會有所提高。

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心要有城池,口要有門戶。 有城池則不出,有門戶則不縱。


        人心就像一座城池(比喻一個人的思想要富有內涵),要有大門來把守(比喻一個人說話時要十分謹慎,控制好言談,不要太隨意)。有了城墻,心靈就不會隨便出入,有了城門,心靈就不會任意妄為。

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  Christmas season is the most festive time of year in many Western countries. Children believe that on Christmas Eve Santa Claus, a fat, merry man who wears a red suit, red hat, and a long white beard, slides down their chimneys to bring them gifts. So they hang stockings by the fireplace, hoping that Santa Claus will fill them with candy and toys.
        But was there really a Santa Claus? Yes. Not  the man mentioned above but a 4th century bishop, Saint Nicholas. He was born in Turkey and his remains are kept to this day in Bari, Italy. According to a story, he was best known for saving children. He brought three dead boys back to life after they had been chopped up! Stories like that helped him become the patron saint of boys and girls. Later on his name was changed
into Santa Claus. In the 17th century, the Dutch of New Amsterdam in America added the sleigh and flying reindeer to him. Since then Santa Claus has traveled in a sleigh pulled by eight reindeers.
       On Christmas Eve many children even lie awake listening to Santa Claus and his sleigh. But he never comes. The gifts found in the stockings the next morning were put there by their own parents when they were asleep.
Comprehension Questions練習你理解問題的能力

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大事、難事看擔當,逆境、順境看襟度,臨喜、臨怒看涵養,群行、群止看識見。


        當遇到大事、難事時,要看一個人能否承擔起來; 在逆境、順境中,要看一個人的氣度大小; 當遇到高興事,可氣事時,要看一個人的涵養如何; 當大家一起行動,一起歇息時,則能看出一個人的見識如何。

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胸中情景,要看得春不是繁華,夏不是發暢,秋不是寥落,冬不是枯槁,方為我境。


        在人的內心中,要能看出春天不是繁華的景象,夏天不是順暢的景象,秋天不是凋零的景象,冬天不是枯寂的景象,方能進入自悟的境界。

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  Set high on the great round table stands the lighted Christmas tree, shining its gold cheer around the room. It towers above the children's heads as they gaze up at it with admiring eyes. Sitting on the very top of the tree is a silver star surrounded by tiny lights. All the branches are hung with silver bells and sparkling lights. Around the base of the tree lie the gifts and toys wrapped up in bright colorful paper.
       Every Christmas in millions of homes all over the world, a Christmas tree forms the centerpiece of the decorations. But it is Germany we have to thank for giving us the custom of lighting and decorating a small fir tree.
       According to the ancient legend, a travelling holy man called St. Boniface was passing through a forest one December when he was horrified to see that  a small boy was going to be offered up as a human sacrifice to one of their gods. He was just about to be put on a roaring fire when St. Boniface rushed in and snatched the boy away. Then, picking up an axe he chopped down a huge oak tree which stood nearby. As it fell to the ground, a tiny young fir appeared out of the ground in the space where the mighty oak had stood.
       "From now on," said St. Boniface, "this little tree will be a holy symbol. It is the sign of everlasting life  because its leaves are still green when everything else seems dead around it. Moreover, it will always point upward to heaven. From this day, this little tree shall be called the Christ-child Tree." 
       This little tree has become known around the world.

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凡聽言,要先知言者人品,又要知言者意向,又要知言者識見,又要知言者氣質,則聽不爽矣。


        凡是聽取別人意見,要先知道說話人的人品,又要知道說話人的立場態度,又要知道說話人的見識水平,又要知道說話人的個性氣度,那么聽取意見時就不會出錯了。

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君子知其可知,不知其不可知。 不知其可只則愚,知其不可知則鑿。


        君子懂得可以懂的,不懂得不能夠懂的。 不懂得那些應該懂得的知識就會愚昧,懂得那些不應該懂得的知識就會有穿鑿的過失。

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某校(在臺北,很有名)往某個方向,原來是空蕪一片的(當然是很久以前),該校某個學生有夢游癥,到了晚上,就跑向那個方向的山上(那里是亂葬崗),每天晚上都跑去。

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